Summary: After decades of mystery, researchers have finally identified the gene behind orange fur in domestic cats: a deletion mutation in the X-linked gene ARHGAP36. This mutation increases gene activity in pigment-producing skin cells, shifting fur color toward orange by altering pigment production pathways.
The discovery explains why most orange cats are male and why females with one copy of the gene develop calico or tortoiseshell coats. The study also suggests the orange gene may influence more than just coat color, with possible effects on brain and hormonal activity.
Key Facts:
Orange Gene Identified: A deletion in ARHGAP36 drives orange fur by boosting gene activity in melanocytes.
Sex-Linked Expression: The gene is on the X chromosome, explaining why most orange cats are male.
Beyond Color: The mutation may affect other body systems due to ARHGAP36‘s broader roles.
Source: Kyushu University
From Tama, Japan’s most famous stationmaster calico cat, to the lasagna-loving, ginger Garfield, cats with orange fur are both cultural icons and beloved pets. But their distinctive color comes with a genetic twist—most orange tabbies are male, while calicos and tortoiseshells are nearly always female.
